32-bit vs. 64-bit: What’s the difference, and what does it mean for your PC?

You’ve probably seen 32-bit and 64-bit options available whenever you 

download an app, or install a game. Your PC might even have a sticker that says it has a 64-bit processor. But does it really matter? Most new PCs have a 64-bit processor, so what do you really need to know about 32-bit vs. 64-bit CPUs?

Well, for starters, if you’re a Windows user, you’ve probably noticed that you have two Program Files folders — one labeled simply “Program Files” and the other labeled “Program Files (x86).” Understanding the difference between these two folders and why you have them in the first place is pretty important, especially if you’ve ever installed the wrong program in the wrong folder. It’s the kind of thing you’ll never notice until you accidentally do it and your apps start misbehaving.

The same, but different

First off, the reason you have those two folders is because there are currently two fundamentally different architectures used to manufacture computer processors, and as a result, there are two fundamentally different ways to write programs and apps for them. Applications all use shared resources on a Windows system; these are called DLL files, or Dynamic Link Libraries. They’re basically just pooled libraries of common resources that many different apps will use. Windows puts them all in a single place to make things easier for software developers.

Those DLL files are written and structured in fundamentally different ways because they’re meant to be used by 64-bit applications or 32-bit applications. If, for instance, a 32-bit application reaches out for a DLL and finds a 64-bit version, it’s just going to stop working. Imagine going to a library to find a specific textbook, and then realizing that everything is in a foreign language. You’d likely leave and assume you went to the wrong place. The same basic principle applies here.

Wouldn’t it be easier if you simply used 64-bit software on 64-bit systems, and ignore 32-bit software entirely? Well, not really. The problem is the 32-bit (x86) architecture has been around for a very long time, and there are still a host of applications that utilize 32-bit architecture. Modern 64-bit systems can run 32-bit and 64-bit software because of a very simple and easy solution: two separate Program Files directories. When 32-bit applications are sequestered to the appropriate x86 folder, Windows knows to serve up the right DLL, aka the 32-bit version. Everything in the regular Program Files directory, on the other hand, can access the other stuff, the good stuff.

So why does it even matter, why do we have these two different architectures at all?

What are bits?

The number of bits in a processor refers to the size of the data types that it handles and the size of its registry. Simply put, a 64-bit processor is more capable than a 32-bit processor because it can handle more data at once. A 64-bit processor is capable of storing more computational values, including memory addresses, which means it’s able to access over four billion times as much physical memory than a 32-bit processor. That’s just as big as it sounds. 64-bit processors are to 32-bit processors what the automobile is to the horse-drawn buggy.

The key difference: 32-bit processors are perfectly capable of handling a limited amount of RAM (in Windows, 4GB or less), and 64-bit processors are capable of utilizing much more. Of course, in order to achieve this, your operating system also needs to be designed to take advantage of the greater access to memory. This Microsoft page runs down memory limitations for multiple versions of Windows.

A horse-drawn cart will get you to work just as easily as a car will, barring any equine issues, but a car is a lot more capable – it can get you to work, or across the country and it can do it a lot faster than a horse can.

How many bits?

As a general rule, if you have under 4GB of RAM in your computer, you don’t need a 64-bit CPU, but if you have 4GB or more, you do. While many users may find that a 32-bit processor provides them with enough performance and memory access, applications that tend to use large amounts of memory may show vast improvements with the upgraded processor. Image and video-editing software, 3D rendering utilities, and video games will make better use of a 64-bit architecture and operating system, especially if the machine has 8GB or even 16GB of RAM that can be divided among the applications that need it.

Through hardware emulation, it’s possible to run 32-bit software and operating systems on a machine with a 64-bit processor. The opposite isn’t true however, in that 32-bit processors cannot run software designed with 64-bit architecture in mind. This means if you want to take full advantage of your new processor you also need a new operating system, otherwise you won’t experience any marked benefits over the 32-bit version of your hardware.

Operating System Differences

With an increase in the availability of 64-bit processors and larger capacities of RAM, Microsoft and Apple both have upgraded versions of their operating systems that are designed to take full advantage of the new technology.

In the case of Microsoft Windows, the basic versions of the operating systems put software limitations on the amount of RAM that can be used by applications, but even in the ultimate and professional version of the operating system, 4GB is the maximum usable memory the 32-bit version can handle. While the latest versions of a 64-bit operating system can increase the capabilities of a processor drastically, the real jump in power comes from software designed with this architecture in mind.

Software and Drivers

Applications with high performance demands already take advantage of the increase in available memory, with companies releasing 64-bit versions of their programs. This is especially useful in programs that can store a lot of information for immediate access, like image-editing software that opens multiple large files at the same time.

Video games are also uniquely equipped to take advantage of 64-bit processing and the increased memory that comes with it. Being able to handle more computations at once means more spaceships on screen without lagging and smoother performance from your graphics card, which doesn’t have to share memory with other processes anymore.

Most software is backwards compatible, allowing you to run applications that are 32-bit in a 64-bit environment without any extra work or issues. Virus protection software (these are our favorites) and drivers tend to be the exception to this rule, with hardware mostly requiring the proper version be installed in order to function correctly.

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Top cracking tools for Pc

1. PDF Password Remover:

  
PDF Password recovers lost passwords to password-protected PDF files (*.pdf). PDF Password recovers user and permission passwords only. PDF Password does not allow to break DRM (Digital Right Management) system. If user password (also known as password to open) is either not set or known, it is possible to remove permission password instantly.

2. Windows XP Admin Password Remover :

Windows Password Cracker can easily extract unencrypted password hashes from systems that use Microsoft's SYSKEY protection. It supports international language input locales, allowing it to work with operating systems and passwords based on single byte character sets including those for European, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and other languages. Windows Password Cracker now includes a 53,000 word English dictionary for comprehensive English dictionary audits. It's is an easy-to-use and fast password recovery software.

3. Zip File Password Cracker

Atomic Zip Password Cracker is created to recover the lost or forgotten passwords for ZIP archives. It can quickly restore the password in several ways: the direct search and the dictionary attack. It has easy-to-work and friendly user interface. There are two modes of password recovering: automatic and user-defined mode. If the automatic mode is set the program makes a password search basing on most frequently used settings (such as capital and small letters, 0-9 figures; maximum 5 symbols length password). If you have the information about the components and length of the password you can try to start the user-defined mode. 

4. Microsoft Office Password Remover 

This software helps recover or delete forgotten Microsoft Office document passwords. The software restores passwords of certain types instantly, plus the latest version of the software allows finding lost hard-cracked passwords seven times faster!

5. SQL Password Remover

Kernel SQL Password Recovery is a MDF (Master Data File) password recovery software widely used to recover the lost or forgotten passwords from SQL Server 2000 password-protected database files (*.mdf). The software recovers all the passwords instantly despite the length and complexity of the password. The .mdf files stores the password using strong encryption algorithms. This strong encryption can not be easily decrypted. Kernel SQL Password Recovery will recursively scan the password protected sql database file and will automatically generate the password. The generated password is an alternate password (NOT the Original Password) to unprotect the MDF file.

6. EXE File Password Recovery

EXE Password Protector is a powerful yet easy to use system utility that allows you to password-protect any Windows executable file in a few steps. This incredible program is intended for those people who share the same computer with others and want to protect sensitive applications from an unauthorized usage. If you are looking for an efficient and fast application that allows you to password-protect any Windows executable file, EXE Password Protector is perfect for you.

7. Windows Vista Admin Password Recovery

Windows Password Unlocker is a pioneer Windows password recovery with intuitive Windows graphical user interface, but not DOS-like black screen, so that it is much easier to reset Windows login passwords rapidly and conveniently in case an administrator password is forgotten or lost in Windows 2000/2003/NT/XP/Vista/2008. No need to re-install the operating system any more. Just boot from the program CD, choose the account you wish to reset. Then you can log in as a particular user with a blank password. Even with the on-screen step-by-step instructions, the program is so simple to use without any technique.

8. RAR File Password Cracker

RAR Password Recovery proved to be an effective way to uncover lost or forgotten passwords, but--as its name implies--it only works with one file type. Its straightforward, tabbed interface clearly represents the three main password recovery options: Brute-Force, Booost-Up, and Dictionary. Each approach proved successful in our tests, although the demo limits passwords to three characters. Conveniently, you can save password recovery settings in projects for future use. While it can only handle one file format, users who need to unlock their RAR files will find this application up to the task.

9. Password Changer

Active Password Changer Professional is a DOS-based solution designed for resetting local user passwords in case of administrator's password is forgotten or lost. Forgotten password recovery software is useful if you lost the administrator password and cannot access the operation system. Other Windows login security restrictions like 'Account is disabled', 'Password never expires', 'Account is locked out', 'User Must Change Password at Next Logon' and 'Logon Hours' can be changed or reset. Supported platforms: Windows XP, 2000, NT, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista.

10. Password Memory

The Password Memory 2010 application was designed to be the perfect password manager for you. Your passwords are encrypted using multiple algorithms to keep them secure. Your login details (username, password, etc.) can be searched and sorted fast easily. Login details associated with a website can also be copied into the webpage with the click of a button. Generating random secure passwords in an instant. You can even install the program on a USB stick and bring your password database securely with you wherever you go

11. Distributed Password Recovery

If every system administrator's nightmare is forgotten passwords, then this application is every admin's dream. Installation of Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery is quick and simple. The clean tab-and-button interface is well-organized. This application cracks Word 97 and Word 2000 passwords, plus the weaker PGP, PDF, and Windows passwords. It takes just a couple of steps to crack most files. The software can unleash agents that harness the power of multiple client machines to improve password-recovery time. Connecting over the network is through a user-specified port, to forestall interference with other applications. Your firewall may have to be set to allow information through the port. The help file is sparse, but the program operates cleanly with little user supervision. E-mail alerts are easy to implement, making this a start-it-and-forget-it piece of software.

12. Windows 7 Password Cracker

The Ophcrack Windows password cracker is by far the best free Windows password recovery tool available. It's fast and easy enough for a first time password cracker with a basic knowledge of Windows. With Ophcrack, you don't need any access to Windows to be able to recover your lost passwords. Simply visit the site, download the free ISO image, burn it to a CD and boot from the CD. The Ophcrack program starts, locates the Windows user accounts, and proceeds to recover (crack) the passwords - all automatically. In a test on a Windows 7 PC, Ophcrack recovered the 10-character password to my administrator account in 40 seconds. Ophcrack supports Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

13. Mozilla Firefox Password Cracker

PasswordFox enables you to review and export the list of saved logins and passwords that are stored in your Firefox browser. The list can be saved to a text file or exported to HTML format. PasswordFox will let you view passwords from any Firefox profile, not only the current one. A useful tool to backup your login information, keep in mind though that the exported text file in not encrypted and should be stored securely.

14. Asterisk LoggerMany applications, like CuteFTP, CoffeeCup Free FTP, VNC, IncrediMail, Outlook Express, and others, allows you to type a password for using it in the application. The typed password is not displayed on the screen, and instead of the real password, you see a sequence of asterisk ('****') characters. This utility can reveal the passwords stored behind the asterisks in standard password text-boxes.
Asterisk Logger is a successor of AsterWin utility. It reveals the asterisk passwords in the same way as AsterWin utility, but it has some advantages over the previous utility:

* You don't have to press a button in order to reveal the asterisk passwords. Whenever a new window containing a password box is opened, Asterisk Logger automatically reveals the password inside the password-box, and add a record to passwords list in the main window of Asterisk Logger.
* Asterisk Logger displays additional information about the revealed password: The date/time that the password was revealed, the name of the application that contains the revealed password box, and the executable file of the application.
* Asterisk Logger allows you the save the passwords to HTML file and to 3 types of text files.

15. MSN Password Recovery

MessenPass is a password recovery tool that reveals the passwords of all instant messenger applications. MessenPass can only be used to recover the passwords for the current logged-on user on your local computer, and it only works if you chose the remember your password in one of the above programs. You cannot use this utility for grabbing the passwords of other users.

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F1 to F12: Time-Saving Function Key

The functions keys — F1 through F12, located on the top row of a computer keyboard — are not there to gather dust. They fulfill different functions, and some of them are really useful.

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Fallen smartphone brand Nokia challenges Apple, Samsung again

Nokia smartphones are poised for a comeback after former managers at the Finnish company licensed the handset brand from Microsoft and struck up partnerships with Google and phone manufacturer Foxconn.

Nokia was once the world's dominant cellphone maker but missed the shift to smartphones and then chose Microsoft's unpopular Windows operating system for its "Lumia" range.

Nokia quit smartphones in 2014 by selling its handset activities to Microsoft to focus on mobile network equipment. Microsoft continued selling Lumia smartphones under its own name but this year largely abandoned that business, too.

HMD Global, led by Nokia veteran Arto Nummela, wants to launch its first Nokia smartphone in the early part of next year using Google's (GOOGL.O) Android operating system.

Success will require a dash for scale by stealing business from Apple (AAPL.O), Samsung (005930.KS) and dozens of other players in a cut-throat industry.

"Consumers may be carrying different smartphones now, but are they really in love and loyal to those brands?" said Nummela in an interview.

The Nokia consumer brand lives on as the badge on cheaper, entry-level "feature phones" sold mainly in Asia, India and Eastern Europe, though Microsoft invested little to market the name in recent years. Smartphones typically cost anywhere from ten to 30 times as much as these basic phones, which sell for as little as $20.

"For a new entrant, having an established brand provides it with an instant on-ramp," said mobile phone analyst Ben Wood of CCS Insight, who suggested that phone vendors with weaker brands should not take the new challenge lightly.

"The barriers to entry for the Android phone space are low," said Wood. "What HMD has is the Nokia brand and management experience. The key to its success will be driving scale."

CEO Nummela, who was once responsible for Nokia's sales and product development, does not lack ambition.

"We want to be one of the key competitive players in the smartphone business," he told Reuters.

HMD President Florian Seiche previously worked at Siemens (SIEGn.DE), Orange, HTC and Nokia. Chief Marketing Officer Pekka Rantala is a former CEO of Rovio, the maker of the Angry Birds game, as well as a Nokia veteran.

"We are not going to skip any markets in the long term," Seiche said, adding that HMD had already set up offices in 40 locations around the world.

NO FUNDING FROM NOKIA CORP

HMD is owned by Smart Connect LP, a private equity fund run by Jean-Francois Baril, who was once in charge of Nokia's world-leading supply chain management system. Other HMD managers have put in money of their own.

HMD on Thursday took over the feature phone business that Nokia Corp (NOKIA.HE) sold to Microsoft. It has a licensing deal with Nokia giving it sole use of the brand on mobile phones and tablets for the next decade. It will pay Nokia royalties for the brand and patents, but Nokia has no direct investment in HMD.

HMD is building its smartphone operating system in partnership with Google and all its Nokia devices will be manufactured by Foxconn (2354.TW) of Taiwan, the world's largest contract manufacturer.

Nummela says his team's enduring relationships with phone service providers and retailers could help HMD quickly convince owners of Nokia feature phones to upgrade in markets like India, Indonesia and Russia.

The Nokia name is still on a tenth of the feature phones sold around the world, though in recent years it ceded ground to Samsung and TCL (000100.SZ), maker of Alcatel-brand phones, as well as smaller players, according to market research firm Strategy Analytics.

Shipments of Nokia feature phones plunged 40 percent in fiscal year 2015 and HMD must reverse that decline while trying to break back into the smartphone market, where hundreds of vendors compete by selling phones that can be hard to distinguish.

"The feature phone is the essence of the business," Wood said. "Don't be under any illusions that this market is over."

source <<reuters.com>

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Protect Your Computer from Hackers

Install or Update Your Antivirus Software: Antivirus software is designed to prevent malicious software programs from embedding on your computer. If it detects malicious code, like a virus or a worm, it works to disarm or remove it. Viruses can infect computers without users’ knowledge. Most types of antivirus software can be set up to update automatically.

Keep Your Firewall Turned On: A firewall helps protect your computer from hackers who might try to gain access to crash it, delete information, or even steal passwords or other sensitive information. Software firewalls are widely recommended for single computers. The software is prepackaged on some operating systems or can be purchased for individual computers. For multiple networked computers, hardware routers typically provide firewall protection.

Prevent hacking of your G-Mail Account: Someone mail you that we have a business opportunity for you. And say click on this link for more details. Whenever you click on that link, a Gmail screen shown including message “Your session has expired login again”. It’s a clone of Gmail screen that can hack your password.

Be Careful What You Download: Carelessly downloading e-mail attachments can circumvent even the most vigilant anti-virus software. Never open an e-mail attachment from someone you don’t know, and be wary of forwarded attachments from people you do know. They may have unwittingly advanced malicious code.

Turn Off Your Computer: With the growth of high-speed Internet connections, many opt to leave their computers on and ready for action. The downside is that being “always on” renders computers more susceptible. Beyond firewall protection, which is designed to fend off unwanted attacks, turning the computer off effectively severs an attacker’s connection—be it spyware or a botnet that employs your computer’s resources to reach out to other unwitting users.
 
Install or Update Your Antispyware Technology: Spyware is just what it sounds like—software that is surreptitiously installed on your computer to let others peer into your activities on the computer. Some spyware collects information about you without your consent or produces unwanted pop-up ads on your web browser. Some operating systems offer free spyware protection, and inexpensive software is readily available for download on the Internet or at your local computer store. Be wary of ads on the Internet offering downloadable antispyware—in some cases these products may be fake and may actually contain spyware or other malicious code. It’s like buying groceries—shop where you trust.

Keep Your Operating System Up to Date: Computer operating systems are periodically updated to stay in tune with technology requirements and to fix security holes. Be sure to install the updates to ensure your computer has the latest protection.

Don’t Judge on Prize or Lottery E-mail: Someone mail you that you won the Lottery. And request you to give information regarding bank account or others. They keep your data’s and demanding some money for Draft charges. It’s totally fraud.

Use Complex and Secure Passwords: The first line of defense in maintaining system security is to have strong and complex passwords. Complex passwords are difficult for the hackers to find. Use a password that is at least 8 characters in length and include a combination of numbers, letters that are both upper and lower case and a special character. Hackers use certain tools to break easy passwords in few minutes. One recent study showed that a 6-character password with all lower case letters can be broken in under 6 minutes!

Check on the Security Settings of the Browser: Browsers have various security and privacy settings that you should review and set to the level you desire. Recent browsers give your ability to tell web sites to not track your movements, increasing your privacy and security.

Don’t link accounts:  If you want to comment on an article and you’re prompted to sign in with Twitter or Facebook, do not go behind the door. “Convenience always lessens your security posture,” says Taggart. “Linking accounts allows services to acquire a staggering amount of personal information.”

Keep sensitive data off the cloud: “No matter which way you cut it, data stored on the cloud doesn’t belong to you,” says Taggart. “There are very few cloud storage solutions that offer encryption for ‘data at rest.’ Use the cloud accordingly. If it’s important, don’t.”

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How to Make your Opera Mini a Super-Fast

Today, I'll tell you - How to Make Opera Mini A Super-Fast Browser

Opera Mini is One Of The Best internet For Mobile
Phones. It Gives an Amazing Speed Whether it Comes to Downloading Or Surfing. But
Somehow, It Doesn't Gives High Speed Experience, which due To unoptimized Opera Mini Settings...

So, Today in
This Post You Will Learn How To Optimize The Opera Mini Settings To make it Super-Fast Browser..

Just Follow these Steps:

1. Download The Opera Mini Browser from m.opera.com

2. Install The Downloaded Version into Your Phone.

3. Go the Address Bar And Write about: config.

A new Configuration page will Open.

4. Now Do the Settings Like This:

> Large Placeholders for images [No}
> Fit text to screen [Yes]
> Loading Timeout [20]
> Site patches and user-agent masking [No]
> Keep styling in RSS feeds [no]

> Show feedindex [No]
> Fold linklists [No]
> Phone number detection [Yes]
> Minimum phone number length [9]
> Use bitmap fonts for complex
scripts [No]

That’s All. Do & Feel the Speed

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